{"id":12252,"date":"2020-11-24T15:14:51","date_gmt":"2020-11-24T12:14:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/?p=12252"},"modified":"2020-11-24T15:14:51","modified_gmt":"2020-11-24T12:14:51","slug":"de-ai-nostri-livia-teodorescu-curs-de-muzica-pentru-clasa-a-iv-a-secundara-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/?p=12252","title":{"rendered":"De-ai no\u0219tri! &#8211; Livia Teodorescu &#8211; Curs de muzic\u0103 pentru clasa a IV-a Secundar\u0103 (2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1.jpeg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-0\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1-300x232.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12194 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1-300x232.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1.jpeg 607w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/232;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1-300x232.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"232\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12194\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1-300x232.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1.jpeg 607w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><br \/>\n<strong>Guido d\u2019Arezzo ca reformator al nota\u021biunei<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Lui Guido d\u2019Arezzo, c\u0103lug\u0103r benedictin, i se atribuie o reform\u0103 important\u0103 \u00een muzic\u0103: aranjamentul notelor muzicale.<br \/>\nGui, Guido sau Guion, a c\u0103rui origin\u0103 se crede c\u0103 ar fi ora\u0219ul Arezzo, iar dup\u0103 al\u021bii Paris, s\u2019a n\u0103scut la anul 995 \u0219i a murit la anul 1050.<br \/>\nEl a adus dou\u0103 mari inova\u021biuni \u00een istoria nota\u021biunii muzicale, care i-au imortalizat numele \u0219i anume: 1) numirile actuale ale notelor \u0219i 2) portativul.<br \/>\n\u00cen adev\u0103r, \u00een vechile timpuri se \u00eentrebuin\u021bau literele alfabetului pentru a desemna sunetele muzicale, fie \u00een ordine suitoare, fie \u00een ordine scobor\u00e2toare: A. B. C. D. E. F. G. Nota mijlocie din gam\u0103 se numea mez\u0103; notele devla octava de deasupra acestei mese erau reprezentate prin litere mari: A. B. C. D. E. F. G., iar notele devla octava de dedesubtul mezei se reprezentau cu litere mici: a. b. c. d. a. f. g. Dubla octav\u0103 de deasupra mezei er\u0103 reprezentat\u0103 prin duble litere mici: aa. bb. cc. dd. ee. ff. gg. Cu acest sistem se puteau reprezenta trei octave de note, iar gama astfel format\u0103 reprezenta ni\u0219te tetracorduri scobor\u00e2toare unite:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-1\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12217 lazyload\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4-300x118.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"118\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4-768x303.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4.jpg 839w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/118;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12217\" src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4-300x118.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"118\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4-300x118.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4-768x303.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/15-4.jpg 839w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Guido d\u2019Arezzo observ\u00e2nd la imnul sf. Ioan ,,Ut queant laxis\u201c c\u0103 fragmentele melodice, \u00een num\u0103r de 7, \u00eencep cu silabe diferite:<br \/>\nUt queant laxis<br \/>\nRe sonare f\u00eebris<br \/>\nMira gestorum<br \/>\nFamuli tuorum<br \/>\nSolve polluti<br \/>\nLabii reatum<br \/>\nSanctae Ioannes<br \/>\na dat denumirile notelor dup\u0103 aceste prime silabe (ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, sa). Acest procedeu mnemonic \u00een denumirea notelor ne-a r\u0103mas \u0219i ast\u0103zi, modif\u00eec\u00e2ndu-se ut \u00een do \u0219i sa \u00een si pentru u\u0219urarea pronun\u021b\u0103rii lor.<br \/>\nGuido d\u2019Arezzo fix\u0103 \u0219i portativul alc\u0103tuit din 4 linii, din cari prima linie corespundea literei F (fa) \u0219i era tras\u0103 cu ro\u0219u; a doua linie corespunz\u0103toare literei C (do) era tras\u0103 deasupra cu culoare galben\u0103 \u0219i \u00een fine celelalte linii secundare de cu\u00acloare neagr\u0103 completau portativul.<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/16-4.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-2\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12218 lazyload\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/16-4-300x70.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"70\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/16-4-300x70.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/16-4.jpg 427w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/70;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12218\" src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/16-4-300x70.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"70\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/16-4-300x70.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/16-4.jpg 427w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 dispozi\u021bie a\u0219a de practic\u0103 nu \u00eent\u00e2rzie de a se generaliza; g\u0103sim chiar o dispozi\u021bie invers\u0103 pentru melodiile mai ascu\u021bite, \u00een care linia C (do) este jos \u0219i spa\u021biul F (fa) este u\u0219or colorat\u0103 \u00een roz:<br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-3\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12219 lazyload\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4-300x53.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"53\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4-300x53.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4-768x136.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4.jpg 867w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/53;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12219\" src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4-300x53.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"53\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4-300x53.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4-768x136.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/17-4.jpg 867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Dela Gui d\u2019Arezzo \u00eencoace, at\u00e2t portativul c\u00e2t \u0219i forma notelor, trecur\u0103 apoi prin diferite faze, lu\u00e2nd din ce \u00een ce o form\u0103 mai precis\u0103, ajung\u00e2nd la frumoasa nota\u021biune p\u0103trat\u0103 din secolul al XV-lea, p\u0103strat\u0103 \u00een uz \u00een c\u0103r\u021bile de c\u00e2ntare bisericeasc\u0103 \u0219i mai t\u00e2rziu la nota\u021biunea oval\u0103, \u00een forma ei definitiv\u0103 de ast\u0103zi.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nMuzica \u00een evul mediu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Muzica a fost \u00een evul mediu prima dintre arte \u0219i considerat\u0103 ca o \u0219tiin\u021b\u0103 modern\u0103, pred\u00e2ndu-se \u00een universit\u0103\u021bi al\u0103turi de aritmetic\u0103, geometrie, astronomie, etc.<br \/>\nI se determin\u0103 anumite reguli ca: fixarea m\u0103surii (ars mensurabilis), ritmului, nota\u021biunii \u0219i duratei sunetelor.<br \/>\nMarea descoperire din evul mediu fu polyfonia. \u00eent\u00e2lnim \u00een aceast\u0103 epoc\u0103 discantusul, care const\u0103 din suprapunerea unei melodii peste alta prin mi\u0219care contrar\u0103, din care se dezvolt\u0103 mai t\u00e2rziu cele patru p\u0103r\u021bi ale corului: tenor, sopran, alt \u0219i bas.<br \/>\nMuzic\u0103 instrumental\u0103 propriu zis\u0103 n\u2019a fost \u00een evul mediu; \u00een stare primitiv\u0103, ca instrumente, au fost: orga, c\u00e2teva din instrumente cu arcu\u0219 (prin sec. 9-lea dup\u0103 Christos) \u0219i mai perfec\u021bionat\u0103 a fost viela, care se asem\u0103n\u0103 cu chitara de azi, put\u00e2nd cuprinde toat\u0103 scara muzical\u0103 \u00eentrebuin\u021bat\u0103 atunci, de la sol de jos al violoncelului nostru, p\u00e2n\u0103 la mi al coardei sub\u021biri a violinei.<br \/>\nBiserica juc\u0103 \u00een acest timp un rol considerabil, iar muzica religioas\u0103 se impuse mult prin influen\u021ba s\u0103 exercitat\u0103 \u00een arta muzical\u0103.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nTrubadurii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trubadurii erau poe\u021bii-muzican\u021bi \u00een Fran\u021ba meridional\u0103 din secolul al XII-lea \u0219i al XIII-lea. Trubadurii sunt aceia cari inventau \u0219i poezia \u0219i muzica \u00een c\u00e2ntecele lor.<br \/>\nCel mai vechi trubadur, ale c\u0103rui opere literare s\u2019au p\u0103strat, a fost Guillaume al VII-lea de Poitiers.<br \/>\nPrimii trubaduri au scris \u00een dialectul lor de provinciali. Ei erau oameni instrui\u021bi \u00een \u0219coli monastice sau episcopale.<br \/>\nC\u00e2ntecele trubadurilor sunt melodii c\u00e2ntate \u201esolo\u201c, acompaniate la unison cu c\u00e2teva coarde duble \u0219i triple la harp\u0103 \u0219i se clasau ca gen, \u021bin\u00e2ndu-se socoteal\u0103 de cuvinte, iar nu de muzic\u0103. Al\u021bi trubaduri celebri au fost: Bernard de Ventadour, Juafre Rudei \u0219i Guiraut Riquier.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nTrouverii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Rolul pe care l-au jucat trubadurii la Sud \u00een Fran\u021ba, l-au avut \u0219i trouverii la Nord. \u2014 Ei au c\u0103utat \u00eentotdeauna s\u0103 imite pe confra\u021bii lor de la Sud. Nu ne-a mai r\u0103mas nimic de la ei, dec\u00e2t opere religioase latine \u0219i melodii \u00een genul pastoral.<br \/>\nCei mai celebri trouveri au fost: Regnault, Castelan de Caney, Colin Musset, Thiebault de Champagne \u0219i Adam dela Hale.<br \/>\nC\u00e2ntecul trouverilor, ca \u0219i al trubadurilor, era inspirat din c\u00e2ntecul popular. Ei c\u00e2ntau c\u00e2ntecele lor \u0219i fiecare strof\u0103 a c\u00e2ntecului era precedat\u0103 de un ,,returnel\u201d.<br \/>\nTrouverii au stabilit m\u0103sura \u0219i \u021bin\u00e2nd socoteal\u0103 de varie\u00act\u0103\u021bile ritmului poetic \u00een c\u00e2ntecele lor \u0219i-au determinat \u0219i formele ritmice \u00een muzic\u0103. Ei aveau 4 forme ritmice, din care au luat na\u0219tere m\u0103sura de 3, 4 \u0219i 6 timpi \u0219i au preg\u0103tit tonalitatea modern\u0103, p\u0103r\u0103sind unele reguli gregoriene \u0219i introduc\u00e2nd \u00eentre altele \u0219i altera\u021biuni ca: fa diez \u0219i do diez.<br \/>\nC\u00e2nd se comunic\u0103 greu din provincie \u00een provincie, c\u00e2nd jurnale nu existau, c\u00e2nd nu se scrie nimic literar, trouverii ca \u0219i trubadurii colindau f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eencetare de la Nord la Sud \u0219i in\u00acvers, r\u0103sp\u00e2ndind cuno\u0219tin\u021bele \u0219i gustul lor muzical, duc\u00e2nd ve\u0219ti din loc \u00een loc, povestind obiceiuri, descriind \u021b\u0103ri \u0219i distr\u00e2nd pe to\u021bi, contribuind astfel mult la unitatea moral\u0103 a Fran\u021bei.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nMinnesingerii \u0219i Meistersingerii<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Minnesingerii erau poe\u021bi-c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bi \u00een Germania \u00een evul mediu, corespunz\u0103tori trouverilor \u0219i trubadurilor din Fran\u021ba.<br \/>\nEi erau de familie nobil\u0103, pe c\u00e2nd meistersingerii care au urmat dup\u0103 ei, erau proveni\u021bi din burghezime \u0219i din popor.<br \/>\nCei mai celebri minnesingeri au fost: Walter von der Vogelweide, Wolfram d\u2019Eschenbach \u0219i Tannh\u00e4user.<br \/>\nO parte din poeziile lor con\u021bin c\u00e2ntece premiate la concursurile lor \u0219i transcrise \u00een superbul manuscris al bibliotecii din lena, al c\u0103rui facsimil este depus la biblioteca na\u021bional\u0103 din Paris.<br \/>\nMelodiile \u0219i nota\u021biunea lor sunt analoage modelelor date de c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bii francezi din acel timp.<br \/>\nMeistersingerii sunt urma\u0219ii minnesingerilor.<br \/>\nRichard Wagner a ridicat la un mare rang pe Hans Sachs \u0219i pe confra\u021bii s\u0103i din N\u00fcrenberg, ultimii dintre meistersingeri.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nC\u00e2ntecele populare vechi la Rom\u00e2ni \u0219i aiurea<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2ntecele populare sunt acelea care sunt auzite din gura poporului \u0219i al c\u0103ror autor este necunoscut.<br \/>\nEle sunt lipsite de regulile armoniei, ca \u0219i muzica din antichitate \u0219i c\u00e2ntul gregorian. Totu\u0219i s\u2019au g\u0103sit \u00een Rusia \u0219i \u00een Alpii Tirolului colec\u021biuni de c\u00e2ntece populare pe dou\u0103 voci, executate de c\u0103tre c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u021bi necunosc\u0103tori ai nota\u021biunii sau ai teoriei muzicale \u0219i acompaniate uneori de diferite instrumente primitive.<br \/>\nFiecare popor \u00ee\u0219i are c\u00e2ntecele sale populare proprii, al c\u0103ror caracter variaz\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba melodiei, ritmului \u0219i structurii; unele sunt vesele, pe c\u00e2nd altele sunt triste, oglindind trecutul istoric al fiec\u0103rui popor.<br \/>\nSubiectele c\u00e2ntecelor populare sunt acelea\u0219i la toate popoarele, cu scene de dragoste de \u021bar\u0103, amintiri de r\u0103zboi, etc., dar formele poeziei, ca \u0219i formele lor muzicale, difer\u0103 de la unele la altele.<br \/>\n\u00cen Fran\u021ba, c\u00e2ntecele populare se claseaz\u0103, dup\u0103 con\u021binutul lor poetic, \u00een: cuplete, balade, roman\u021be, aubade, c\u00e2ntece de adio, sold\u0103\u021be\u0219ti, de marinari, de me\u0219te\u0219ugari, pastorale, c\u00e2ntece de copii, de leag\u0103n, de dans, de s\u0103rb\u0103tori speciale, etc.<br \/>\nLa c\u00e2ntecele populare franceze \u00eent\u00e2lnim deseori un refren, de unul sau dou\u0103 versuri, cari repet\u0103 silabele cu efect comic.<br \/>\n\u00cen Anglia, din c\u00e2ntece populare, se c\u00e2nta mult baladele, \u00een Italia canzoneta, \u00een Spania roman\u021bele epice, iar \u00een Rusia, cea mai bogat\u0103 \u021bar\u0103 din Europa \u00een c\u00e2ntece populare, se c\u00e2nt\u0103 bilinele (ni\u0219te c\u00e2ntece cu caracter epic).<br \/>\nC\u00e2ntecul popular german este mult mai cunoscut; el este expresia nu numai a unei clase de oameni, ci a na\u021biunii \u00eentregi \u0219i reflecteaz\u0103 toat\u0103 via\u021ba social\u0103, de aceea \u0219i c\u00e2ntecul este a\u0219a de frumos.<br \/>\nC\u00e2ntecul popular german este \u00een genere vesel, mult mai vesel dec\u00e2t c\u00e2ntecul minnesingerilor; ritmii sunt varia\u021bi \u0219i puternici, iar m\u0103sura se schimb\u0103 des.<br \/>\nC\u00e2ntecele populare rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti au ie\u0219it din durerile \u0219i suferin\u021bele neamului rom\u00e2nesc; ele sunt de un caracter melancolic \u0219i pline de simplicitate, ceea ce este foarte explicabil, \u021bin\u00e2nd seam\u0103 de timpurile de restri\u0219te \u00een care a tr\u0103it.<br \/>\nAceste c\u00e2ntece populare au fost apoi purtate din gur\u0103 \u00een gur\u0103 \u0219i din genera\u021bie \u00een genera\u021bie, iar muzican\u021bii l\u0103utari \u0219i cobzari (Barbu L\u0103utarul, Anghelu\u021b\u0103, Costic\u0103 C\u00e2ndeanu, Pompieru \u0219i Ciolac) le r\u0103sp\u00e2ndeau \u00een toat\u0103 \u021bar\u0103, \u00eentocmai cum o f\u0103ceau trubadurii \u00een Fran\u021ba.<br \/>\nRom\u00e2nii au muzic\u0103 popular\u0103 duioas\u0103, plin\u0103 de accente melodioase, variat\u0103 \u0219i sentimental\u0103.<br \/>\nDoina sau c\u00e2ntecele pastorale, ariile populare, elegiile, sunt laolalt\u0103 o comoar\u0103, de unde geniul sau talentul \u0219i ar ad\u0103pa inspira\u021biunea. \u201eDoina\u201d este c\u00e2ntecul popular prin excelen\u021b\u0103, care t\u0103lm\u0103ce\u0219te tot chinul \u0219i toat\u0103 n\u0103dejdea neamului nostru obidit.\u2014 Ciobanul sau \u021b\u0103ranul rom\u00e2n, c\u00e2nt\u00e2nd doina din frunz\u0103, fluier sau caval, \u00ee\u0219i exprim\u0103 starea lui sufleteasc\u0103 prin sunete duioase. \u00cen doin\u0103 versurile \u00eencep mai totdeauna cu \u201efoaie verde de\u201d&#8230; ceea ce dovede\u0219te leg\u0103tura dintre suflet \u0219i contemplarea naturei.<br \/>\nForma doinei nu este hot\u0103r\u00e2t\u0103 \u0219i fix\u0103, nici \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te frazarea, nici \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te m\u0103sura, necer\u00e2nd dec\u00e2t un caracter trist \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te tonalitatea \u0219i o mi\u0219care rar\u0103.<br \/>\nDe cele mai multe ori doinele constau \u00een c\u00e2teva fraze \u00een tonalitate minor\u0103, cuprinz\u00e2nd vocalize, apogiaturi \u0219i alte ornamente.<br \/>\nSunt doine de dor, de jale, c\u0103t\u0103ne\u0219ti, oltene\u0219ti, doin\u0103 b\u0103n\u0103\u021bean\u0103, etc.<br \/>\nUnele din c\u00e2ntecele populare rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti au un caracter mai vesel, put\u00e2ndu-se adapta chiar dansului \u0219i nu rareori, mai ales \u00een Transilvania \u0219i Banat, le g\u0103sim \u00eenso\u021bite de strig\u0103turi \u0219i chiote, alc\u0103tuind o clas\u0103 deosebit\u0103 de c\u00e2ntece populare.<br \/>\nTot din genul c\u00e2ntecului popular rom\u00e2nesc fac parte \u0219i c\u00e2ntecele populare religioase ca: \u201eTrei crai de la r\u0103s\u0103rit, colindele, c\u00e2ntece de stea\u201d, etc.<br \/>\nPrintre colec\u021bionarii c\u00e2ntecelor populare rom\u00e2ne\u0219ti sau folklori\u0219ti muzicali rom\u00e2ni mai vechi enum\u0103r\u0103m: Anton Pann, Vulpian, Leopold Stern, Ioan Wachman, Alexandru Flechtenmacher, Wiest, Z. Dumitrescu \u0219i Muzicescu; din cei mai de pe urm\u0103 enum\u0103rem: D. G. Kiriac, Anastasescu, Cucu, Brediceanu, Gh. Dima, Timotei Popescu, I. Vidu, N. Oancea (Sibiu), Dumitrescu-Bistri\u021ba, etc. Lucr\u0103rile tuturor acestor colec\u021bionari \u0219i folklori\u0219ti muzicali au contribuit \u00eentr\u2019o larg\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103 la crearea unit\u0103\u021bii na\u021bionale rom\u00e2ne.<br \/>\nC\u00e2ntecele populare vechi tind s\u0103 dispar\u0103 ast\u0103zi \u00een unele \u021b\u0103ri; pentru a remedia acest lucru, ni\u0219te muzican\u021bi germani din sec. al 18-lea \u0219i al 19-lea au creat \u201eliedul&#8221; \u00een stil popular. \u00cen alte \u021b\u0103ri din contr\u0103, compozitori ilu\u0219tri, inspira\u021bi de la diferi\u021bi folklori\u0219ti, au g\u0103sit \u00een tradi\u021biile muzicale ale patriei lor o surs\u0103 bogat\u0103 de teme potrivite unei mari dezvolt\u0103ri a artei muzicale. Noi, Rom\u00e2nii, ne putem m\u00e2ndri pentru t\u0103ria cu care se p\u0103streaz\u0103 muzica popular\u0103 rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 \u00een literatura noastr\u0103 muzical\u0103.<br \/>\nC\u00e2ntece haiduce\u0219ti<br \/>\nPrintre c\u00e2ntecele populare enumer\u0103m \u0219i c\u00e2ntecele haiduce\u0219ti \u0219i ho\u021be\u0219ti. \u00cen aceste c\u00e2ntece se laud\u0103 voinicia capilor de band\u0103 sau alteori se exprim\u0103 un \u00eendemn la rec\u00e2\u0219tigarea libert\u0103\u021bii de via\u021b\u0103. Forma acestor c\u00e2ntece haiduce\u0219ti este popular\u0103, de cele mai multe ori asem\u0103n\u00e2ndu-se cu doina.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nC\u00c2NTEC HAIDUCESC<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-4\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12220 lazyload\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4-729x1024.jpg 729w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4-768x1079.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4.jpg 1068w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 214px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 214\/300;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12220\" src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4-214x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"214\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4-729x1024.jpg 729w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4-768x1079.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/18-4.jpg 1068w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 214px) 100vw, 214px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-5\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12221 lazyload\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-712x1024.jpg 712w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-768x1105.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-1067x1536.jpg 1067w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4.jpg 1073w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 208px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 208\/300;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-12221\" src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-208x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-208x300.jpg 208w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-712x1024.jpg 712w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-768x1105.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4-1067x1536.jpg 1067w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/19-4.jpg 1073w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ballada vine de la cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eballer&#8221;, care tradus din fran\u021buze\u0219te \u00eenseamn\u0103 a \u201edansa&#8221;. La origin\u0103 a fost un c\u00e2ntec de dans foarte simplu, r\u0103sp\u00e2ndit din epoca trubadurilor \u0219i caracterizat prin prezen\u021ba unui refren c\u00e2ntat \u00een cor.<br \/>\nBallada italian\u0103 din timpul rena\u0219terii \u0219i cea englez\u0103 au fost luate f\u0103r\u0103 \u00eendoial\u0103 din Fran\u021ba. Copiii \u00eenv\u0103\u021bau ballade la Sainte-Chapelle, pentru serviciul regelui \u00een 1350.<br \/>\nOperele lui Guillaume de Machaut con\u021bineau aproape 80 de \u201echansons ballades&#8221; cu refrenuri.<br \/>\n\u00cen Anglia cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eballad\u0103&#8221; arat\u0103 micile c\u00e2ntece populare susceptibile de a primi noi cuplete \u0219i pe care se formeaz\u0103 mici lucr\u0103ri scenice \u201eles ballades operas&#8221;, analoage cu vodevilurile. Repertoriul vechi de ballade engleze con\u021bin melodii fermec\u0103toare.<br \/>\n\u00cen Germania cuv\u00e2ntul \u201eballad\u0103&#8221; arat\u0103 poeme narative, \u00een genul legendar sau fantastic, \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit \u00een mai multe poeme \u0219i compuse cu acompaniament instrumental. Balladele de B\u00fcrger, Schiller, Goethe, Uhland, puse pe muzic\u0103 de Schubert, Schumann, Carol Loewe, ating perfec\u021biunea. Buc\u0103\u021bi din acest gen au fost introduse \u00een opere; pot fi citate \u201ela ballade de Dame blanche&#8221; de Boieldieu \u0219i aceea a regelui din Thul\u00e9 din Faust de Gounod (1859).<br \/>\nNumele de \u201eballad\u0103&#8221; s\u2019a dat \u0219i buc\u0103\u021bilor instrumentale de form\u0103 liber\u0103, \u00een stil patetic \u0219i de dimensiuni adeseori considerabile.\u2014 Chopin a l\u0103sat 4 balade pentru piano; se mai cunosc apoi alte balade de Brahms \u0219i una de Faur\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nBALLADA REGELUI DIN THULE<br \/>\nDin opera, \u201eFAU8T\u201c de Gounod<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-6\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-12222 lazyload\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4-227x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"261\" height=\"345\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4-227x300.jpg 227w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4-775x1024.jpg 775w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4-768x1015.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4.jpg 1040w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 261px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 261\/345;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-12222\" src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4-227x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"261\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4-227x300.jpg 227w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4-775x1024.jpg 775w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4-768x1015.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/20-4.jpg 1040w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 261px) 100vw, 261px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5.jpg\" data-rel=\"lightbox-image-7\" data-rl_title=\"\" data-rl_caption=\"\" title=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-12223 lazyload\" data-src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5-203x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"383\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5-693x1024.jpg 693w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5-768x1135.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5.jpg 958w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 259px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 259\/383;\" \/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-12223\" src=\"http:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5-203x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5-693x1024.jpg 693w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5-768x1135.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/21-5.jpg 958w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 259px) 100vw, 259px\" \/><\/noscript><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Guido d\u2019Arezzo ca reformator al nota\u021biunei Lui Guido d\u2019Arezzo, c\u0103lug\u0103r benedictin, i se atribuie o reform\u0103 important\u0103 \u00een muzic\u0103: aranjamentul<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":12198,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"video_url":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7,320],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12252"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=12252"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12253,"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12252\/revisions\/12253"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/12198"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=12252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=12252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ziarulderimnic.ro\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=12252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}